Experiment


Invisible Ink with Lemon Juice

What you'll need:
  • Half a lemon
  • Water
  • Spoon
  • Bowl
  • Cotton bud
  • White paper
  • Lamp or other light bulb
Instructions:
  1. Squeeze some lemon juice into the bowl and add a few drops of water.
  2. Mix the water and lemon juice with the spoon.
  3. Dip the cotton bud into the mixture and write a message onto the white paper.
  4. Wait for the juice to dry so it becomes completely invisible.
  5. When you are ready to read your secret message or show it to someone else, heat the paper by holding it close to a light bulb.
What's happening?
Lemon juice is an organic substance that oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluting the lemon juice in water makes it very hard to notice when you apply it the paper, no one will be aware of its presence until it is heated and the secret message is revealed. Other substances which work in the same way include orange juice, honey, milk, onion juice, vinegar and wine. Invisible ink can also be made using chemical reactions or by viewing certain liquids under ultraviolet (UV) light.
Invisible ink with lemon juice
















What you'll need:
  • One ice cube
  • A piece of fishing line (or something similar) with a weight tied to each end
  • A container
  • Some kind of tray to keep things from getting wet
Instructions:
  1. Turn the container upside down and put it on the tray.
  2. Place the ice cube on top of the upside down container.
  3. Rest the fishing line over the ice cube so that the weights are left dangling over the side of the container.
  4. Watch it for around 5 minutes.
What's happening?
The pressure from the two weights pulls the string through the ice cube by melting the ice directly under the fishing line. This is similar to ice skating where the blades of a skater melt the ice directly underneath, allowing the skater to move smoothly on a thin layer of water.



Making Lemonade Fizzy Drink

What you'll need:
  • Lemon
  • Drinking glass
  • Water
  • 1 teaspoon of baking soda
  • Some sugar to make it sweet
Instructions:
  1. Squeeze as much of the juice from the lemon as you can into the glass.
  2. Pour in an equal amount of water as lemon juice.
  3. Stir in the teaspoon of baking soda.
  4. Give the mixture a taste and add in some sugar if you think it needs to be sweeter.
What's happening?
The mixture you created should go bubbly and taste like a lemonade, soda, fizzy or soft drink, if you added some sugar it might even taste like a lemon flavoured soft drink you've bought at a store. The bubbles that form when you add the baking soda to the lemon mixture are carbon dioxide (CO2), these are the same bubbles you'll find in proper fizzy drinks. Of course they add a few other flavored sweeteners but it's not much different to what you made. If you are wondering how the carbon dioxide bubbles formed, it was because you created a chemical reaction when you added the lemon (an acid) to the baking soda (a base).



What is the Volume of Your Lungs?


What you'll need:
  • Clean plastic tubing
  • A large plastic bottle
  • Water
  • Kitchen sink or large water basin
Instructions:
  1. Make sure the plastic tubing is clean
  2. Put about 10cm of water into your kitchen sink.
  3. Fill the plastic bottle right to the top with water.
  4. Put your hand over the top of the bottle to stop water escaping when you turn it upside down.
  5. Turn the bottle upside down. Place the top of the bottle under the water in the sink before removing your hand.
  6. Push one end of the plastic tube into the bottle.
  7. Take a big breath in.
  8. Breathe out as much air as you can through the tube.
  9. Measure the volume of air your lungs had in them.
  10. Make sure you clean up the area to finish.
What's happening?
As you breathe out through the tube, the air from your lungs takes the place of the water in the bottle. If you made sure you took a big breath in and breathed out fully then the resulting volume of water you pushed out is equivalent to how much air your lungs can hold. Having a big air capacity in your lungs means you can distribute oxygen around your body at a faster rate. The air capacity of lungs (or VO2 max) increases naturally as children grow up but can also be increased with regular exercise.


What is the volume of your lungs?





Relax with Beautiful Bath Salts

What you'll need:
  • 1 cup of washing soda
  • A plastic bag
  • A rolling pin (or something similar that can crush lumps)
  • A bowl
  • A spoon for stirring
  • Essential oil
  • Food coloring
Instructions:
  1. Take the cup of washing soda and put it into a plastic bag. Crush the lumps with a rolling pin or similar object.
  2. Empty the bag into a bowl and stir in 5 or 6 drops of your favorite essential oil such as rosemary, lavender or mint.
  3. Stir in a few drops of food coloring until the mixture is evenly colored.
  4. Put the mixture into clean dry containers and enjoy as you please.
What's happening?
Bath Salts are typically made from Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate), table salt (sodium chloride) or washing soda (sodium carbonate). The chemical make up of the mixture makes it easy to form a lather. Bath salts are said to improve cleaning and deliver an appealing fragrance when bathing.


Relax with beautiful bath salts

Lemon used for making your own lemonade fizzy soda softdrink



Cut ice cubes in half like magic


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